A Novel Table Finite State Machine-Based Routing Algorithm Implementation

Main Article Content

Cassiano Ribeiro Carneiro
José Roberto de Almeida Amazonas

Abstract

State machine is a concept originally proposed for computational numerical systems and used for modeling systems with applications in several fields. Governed by its own logic, an input produces a change of state and an output on the machine. The routing by FSM technique uses this dynamic to generate numerical sequences that represent the network nodes and the routes through which data transmission is allowed. With this, the number of transmissions is reduced and, consequently, the energy consumption. Due to its low complexity, the technique is particularly interesting in the context of networks with limited resources, such as wireless sensor networks and nanodevice networks. In this work, we show that for several scenarios the technique becomes inefficient due to the large number of routes produced and we propose a new implementation whereby the packet size remains reduced for a wide range of routing parameters.

Article Details

How to Cite
Ribeiro Carneiro, C., & de Almeida Amazonas, J. R. (2023). A Novel Table Finite State Machine-Based Routing Algorithm Implementation. INFOCOMP Journal of Computer Science, 22(1). Retrieved from https://infocomp.dcc.ufla.br/index.php/infocomp/article/view/2604
Section
Network, Communication, Operating Systems, Parallel and Distributed Computing
Author Biographies

Cassiano Ribeiro Carneiro, Universidade de São Paulo

Graduated in Electrical Engineering from Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF – in 2019. He is currently working toward the M.S. degree from Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo – EPUSP. He has experience in research with optical physics, development of electronic control systems for stabilization of ultrasensitive lasers and modulation techniques for visible light communication systems. His current research interests include signal processing, Internet of Things and routing algorithms and network architecture for nano-networks.

José Roberto de Almeida Amazonas

Graduated in Electrical Engineering from Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo – EPUSP – in 1979. M.Sc. (1983), Ph.D. (1988), Post-doctorate (LivreDocência, 1996) in Electrical Engineering from the same university. Followed specialization courses at Ecole Supériéure d’Eléctricité (SUPELEC, Paris), Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT, USA) and University of California at Berkeley (USA).

Since 2008 he is also an habilitated Psychoanalyst. Worked as visiting professor at: Humboldt Universität (Berlim, DDR); Dresden Technische Universität (Dresden, DDR); East Kazakhstan State Technical University; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona, Spain) – UPC; University of Antioquia (Medellin, Colombia).

He is currently Senior Associate Professor at the Communications and Control Engineering Department of the Escola Politécnica of the University of São Paulo. He was the coordinator of the Signals and Communications Laboratory of the same department (2007–2008) and the coordinator of the cooperation in research program established between EPUSP and UPC, signed in 2013. He is also Associate Researcher of the Computer Architecture Department of UPC.

His research interests include end-to-end QoX assurance, traffic generation and estimation, QoSaware multi-constraint hop-by-hop routing, network and network functions virtualization, adaptive mobile learning environments and Internet of Things.

References

Afsana, F., Asif-Ur-Rahman, M., Ahmed, M. R., Mahmud, M., and Kaiser, M. S. An energy conserving routing scheme for wireless body sensor nanonetwork communication. IEEE Access, 6:9186–9200, 2018.

Al-Turjman, F. A rational data delivery framework for disaster-inspired internet of nano-things (iont) in practice. Cluster Computing, 22(1):1751–1763, 2019.

Al-Turjman, F. A cognitive routing protocol for bio-inspired networking in the internet of nano-things (iont). Mobile Networks and Applications, 25(5):1929–1943, 2020.

Amazonas, J. R. et al. A new algorithm and routing protocol based on convolutional codes using tcnet: Trellis coded network. EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things, 3(12):154392, 2018.

Balghusoon, A. O. and Mahfoudh, S. Routing protocols for wireless nanosensor networks and internet of nano things: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Access, 8:200724–200748, 2020.

Canovas-Carrasco, S., Garcia-Sanchez, A.-J., and Garcia-Haro, J. A nanoscale communication network scheme and energy model for a human hand scenario. Nano communication networks, 15:17–27, 2018.

Canovas-Carrasco, S., Sandoval, R. M., Garcia-Sanchez, A.-J., and Garcia-Haro, J. Optimal transmission policy derivation for iont flow-guided nano-sensor networks. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 6(2):2288– 2298, 2019.

de Almeida Amazonas, J. R., Hesselbach, X., and Giozza, W. F. Low complexity nano-networks routing scenarios and strategies. Nano Communication Networks, page 100349, 2021.

Fahim, H., Li, W., Javaid, S., Sadiq Fareed, M. M., Ahmed, G., and Khattak, M. K. Fuzzy logic and bio-inspired firefly algorithm based routing scheme in intrabody nanonetworks. Sensors, 19(24):5526, 2019.

Galal, A. and Hesselbach, X. Probability-based path discovery protocol for electromagnetic nano-networks. Computer Networks, 174:107246, 2020.

Jornet, J. M. A joint energy harvesting and consumption model for self-powered nano-devices in nanonet- works. In 2012 IEEE international conference on communications (ICC), pages 6151–6156. IEEE, 2012.

Lemic, F., Abadal, S., Tavernier, W., Stroobant, P., Colle, D., Alarcón, E., Marquez-Barja, J., and Famaey, J. Survey on terahertz nanocommunication and networking: A top-down perspective. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 39(6):1506–1543, 2021.

Liaskos, C. and Tsioliaridou, A. A promise of realizable, ultra-scalable communications at nano-scale: a multi-modal nano-machine architecture. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 64(5):1282–1295, 2014.

Liaskos, C., Tsioliaridou, A., Ioannidis, S., Kantartzis, N., and Pitsillides, A. A deployable routing system for nanonetworks. In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2016.

Neupane, S. R. Routing in resource constrained sensor nanonetworks. Master’s thesis, Tampere University of Technology, 2014.

Pierobon, M., Jornet, J. M., Akkari, N., Almasri, S., and Akyildiz, I. F. A routing framework for energy harvesting wireless nanosensor networks in the terahertz band. Wireless networks, 20(5):1169–1183, 2014.

Piro, G., Boggia, G., and Grieco, L. A. On the design of an energy-harvesting protocol stack for body area nano-networks. Nano Communication Networks, 6(2):74–84, 2015.

Piro, G., Grieco, L. A., Boggia, G., and Camarda, P. Nano-sim: simulating electromagnetic-based nanonet-works in the network simulator 3. In SimuTools, pages 203–210, 2013.

Piro, G., Grieco, L. A., Boggia, G., and Camarda, P. Simulating wireless nano sensor networks in the ns-3 platform. In 2013 27th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops, pages 67–74. IEEE, 2013.

Rahman, M. A., Anwar, S., Pramanik, M. I., and Rahman, M. F. A survey on energy efficient routing techniques in wireless sensor network. In 2013 15th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT), pages 200–205. IEEE, 2013.

Tsioliaridou, A., Liaskos, C., Dedu, E., and Ioannidis, S. Packet routing in 3d nanonetworks: A lightweight, linear-path scheme. Nano communication networks, 12:63–71, 2017.

Tsioliaridou, A., Liaskos, C., Ioannidis, S., and Pitsillides, A. Corona: A coordinate and routing system for nanonetworks. In Proceedings of the second annual international conference on nanoscale computing and communication, pages 1–6, 2015.

Tsioliaridou, A., Liaskos, C., Ioannidis, S., and Pitsillides, A. Lightweight, self-tuning data dissemination for dense nanonetworks. Nano Communication Networks, 8:2–15, 2016.

Tsioliaridou, A., Liaskos, C., Pachis, L., Ioannidis, S., and Pitsillides, A. N3: Addressing and routing in 3d nanonetworks. In 2016 23rd International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), pages 1–6. IEEE, 2016.